Mwy o wybodaeth ― Cymraeg

Mae Urticarial vasculitis yn gyflwr prin a nodir gan episodau hirhoedlog neu ailadroddus o gychod gwenyn. Er y gall symptomau ei groen fod yn debyg i gychod gwenyn cronig, maent yn unigryw oherwydd bod y cychod gwenyn yn aros o gwmpas am o leiaf 24 awr a gallant achosi smotiau tywyll ar ôl pylu. Er ei fod yn aml o achos anhysbys, weithiau gall gael ei sbarduno gan rai meddyginiaethau, heintiau, afiechydon hunanimiwn, anhwylderau gwaed, neu ganser. Mae rhai astudiaethau hyd yn oed wedi ei gysylltu â ffliw COVID-19 a H1N1. Gall hefyd effeithio ar rannau eraill o'r corff fel cyhyrau, yr arennau, yr ysgyfaint, y stumog a'r llygaid. Er y gall math penodol o archwiliad meinwe gadarnhau'r diagnosis, nid yw bob amser yn angenrheidiol. Mae triniaeth fel arfer yn dechrau gyda gwrthfiotigau, dapsone, colchicine, neu hydroxychloroquine ar gyfer achosion mwynach. Ar gyfer achosion mwy difrifol, efallai y bydd angen cyffuriau sy'n atal y system imiwnedd fel methotrexate neu corticosteroidau. Yn ddiweddar, mae therapïau biolegol (rituximab, omalizumab, interleukin-1 inhibitors) wedi dangos addewid ar gyfer achosion anodd.
Urticarial vasculitis is a rare clinicopathologic entity that is characterized by chronic or recurrent episodes of urticarial lesions. Skin findings of this disease can be difficult to distinguish visually from those of chronic idiopathic urticaria but are unique in that individual lesions persist for ≥24 hours and can leave behind dusky hyperpigmentation. This disease is most often idiopathic but has been linked to certain drugs, infections, autoimmune connective disease, myelodysplastic disorders, and malignancies. More recently, some authors have reported associations between urticarial vasculitis and COVID-19, as well as influenza A/H1N1 infection. Urticarial vasculitis can extend systemically as well, most often affecting the musculoskeletal, renal, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and ocular systems. Features of leukocytoclastic vasculitis seen on histopathologic examination are diagnostic of this disease, but not always seen. In practice, antibiotics, dapsone, colchicine, and hydroxychloroquine are popular first-line therapies, especially for mild cutaneous disease. In more severe cases, immunosuppressives, including methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, and cyclosporine, as well as corticosteroids, may be necessary for control. More recently, select biologic therapies, including rituximab, omalizumab, and interleukin-1 inhibitors have shown promise for the treatment of recalcitrant or refractory cases.

Daeth dyn 35 oed i mewn gyda hanes 15 diwrnod o goch llachar, brechau poenus ar ei gluniau a'i goesau, ynghyd â phoen yn y cymalau. Roedd ganddo haint llwybr wrinol am wythnos cyn i'r frech ymddangos. Roedd ei groen yn dangos sawl plac coch tyner, siâp cylch, rhannol blanchable ar ddwy ochr ei gluniau a'i goesau. Rhoddwyd prednisolone trwy'r geg (40mg y dydd) iddo am wythnos ynghyd â gwrth-histamin nad yw'n gysglyd (fexofenadine) . O fewn wythnos, diflannodd yr holl frechau yn llwyr. Ni chafwyd rhagor o frechau yn ystod y 6 mis nesaf o archwiliadau rheolaidd.
A 35-year-old man came in with a 15-day history of bright red, painful rashes on both thighs and legs, along with joint pain. He had a urinary tract infection for a week before the rash appeared. His skin showed several tender, ring-shaped, partially blanchable, red plaques on both sides of his thighs and legs. He was given oral prednisolone (40mg/day) for a week along with a non-drowsy antihistamine (fexofenadine). Within a week, all the rashes disappeared completely. There were no more rashes during the next 6 months of regular check-ups.